Micropropagation has become a widely used technique for rapidly propagating, large-scale plants. Over the past 30 years, great strides have been made to develop and optimize micropropagation methods and culture media for the large-scale multiplication of large numbers of plant species. However, despite the improvement in propagation efficiency, the method is still plagued by numerous problems, which in some cases limit its profitability. Indeed, in vitro seedlings present many aberrations such as stomatal malfunction, poor epicuticular wax deposition, somaclonal variation, poor rooting and overhydration. Many species cannot be propagated cost-effectively by tissue culture due to these induced anatomical and physiological changes (leading to excessive loss during hardening). These developmental problems arise from the particular conditions in which the plants are grown. In fact, the in vitro culture environment is typically characterized by poor lighting, poor gas exchange, high relative humidity and high mineral and sugar content. However, even if seedlings are equipped with all the essential trophic elements and are grown under constant temperature and light, they still appear to suffer from many types of stress. Over the years, sugar has been considered an essential component of in vitro plant culture. medium. However, in addition to its nutritional role, sugar regulates many important metabolic processes associated with plant growth and development (signaling functions). At the cellular level, sugars are essential for intermediate and respiratory metabolism and constitute the substrate for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose. Furthermore, sugars provide amino precursors to......middle of paper......and to understand plant physiology by obtaining a more global picture of biochemical composition. In a seminal work, Roessner et al. (2000) used GC-MS to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile of individual soil extracts or potato tubers grown in vitro. Approximately 77 metabolites from various biochemical groups were simultaneously detected and quantified. This analytical method proved to be powerful and allowed the simultaneous analysis of a large set of metabolites and revealed important differences between tubers of different origins. Using the same technique, Jeong et al. (2004) demonstrated that 64 metabolites accumulated differentially during the sink-to-source transition of aspen leaves, two-thirds of which showed more than 4-fold changes in relative abundance. In this case, the metabolic profile of three leaf stages produced distinct biochemical phenotypes.