James, CLR. (1963) A PDF article titled "The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Revolution of San Domingo" states that the former slaves of San Domingo were in conflict with white-skinned slave owners, who in turn caused the Revolution French because of the discord between former slaves, the rich and the French elites (pp.63-90). The author supports his thesis by arguing that white-skinned slave owners attempted to seize the property of mixed-race individuals through genocide, which in turn caused an uproar in France over the human rights of slaves to highlight that the oppression can trigger revolutions. The repeated key words are “niggers”, “mulattoes”, “white”, “colony”, “bureaucrats” and “revolution” while the binaries found are “white” versus “nigger”, “bourgeoisie” versus “poor”, “ justice” and “injustice” and “freedom” versus “slavery” (pp 63-90). This means that people of white complexion subjugated African slaves to work in the colonized lands for the benefit of the elite class, which in turn is a case of injustice for the slaves. The chapter was composed because the author of the book aims to highlight the history of the French Revolution so that readers can be educated on the implications of slavery, oppression and genocide and bring out the reasons why human rights play a role vital to the stability of society. This component is relevant to postcolonial studies, and is still relevant today because the oppression of minorities and the deprivation of their rights and freedoms due to slavery continues to occur, although not used with such force and violence. The chapter is most likely intended for students with an education above grade 10 and adults interested in history... middle of paper... civilizations were responsible for the oppression of minorities and the imposition of cruel misogyny on women through oppression (pp 100-300). This implies that the author favors the scientific logic of civilization and society because it limits men from harmful activities. The repeated key words are “science of man”, “morality” and “man”, while the binaries are “science” versus “religion”. ”, “optimistic” versus “pessimistic”, “ignorant” versus “educated”, “past” versus “future” (p.190-43). This shows that there are debates about whether human nature thrives in a society built on science or in a society based on nature. The author's article is relevant to modern society because democracy is the foundation of political society and whether modern democracy is supported by human instinct. or by a set of State rules and regulations remains a topic to be debated.