The intestinal microbiota plays an indispensable role in maintaining host homeostasis. The microbiota acts as a barrier against pathogens and their invasion in a highly dynamic manner, exerting multi-step metabolic functions and stimulating the development of the host immune system through well-organized programming, which influences the entire growth and aging process ( 1). Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, i.e. in the nature and relative density of the various constituent bacterial species, appear to play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of various gastrointestinal and liver diseases. The gut microbiota may offer a new area of ​​therapeutic intervention in a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders