The consumption of goods by tourists during holidays is an essential issue in the tourism industry. Souvenirs are seen as universal elements of travel (Swanson, 2012) and are considered as objects that tourists can bring home to remind them of the activities carried out during the holiday, trying to make an intangible experience tangible through the purchase of these artifacts (Litrell, 1993). Furthermore, souvenirs represent the idea of trying to prolong the travel experience (Swanson, 2004). The phenomenon of collecting souvenirs while away from home is nothing new. In fact, according to Swanson (2012), there are documents dating back to the time of the ancient Egyptians, Romans and later explorer-travelers who brought back memories from their travels. Nowadays, the most typical souvenirs that tourists will collect can be classified into groups. According to Gordon (1986), there are five groups of souvenir types: pictorial souvenirs (e.g. postcards), rock piece souvenirs (collected natural items), iconic souvenirs (objects that evoke a message about the place from which they come). , markers (e.g. t-shirts with the name of the destination) and souvenirs of local products (items indigenous to the area). Souvenir consumption also plays an important economic role in tourist destinations where souvenirs are worth producing, consuming and selling. billion dollars every year (Swanson, 2012). On a smaller scale, many businesses located near or at the destination depend on the sale of souvenirs (Swanson, 2004). Furthermore, souvenir consumption also helps support local indigenous people who produce and retail authentic handicrafts and souvenirs (Tosun, Temizkan, Timothy & Fyall, 2007…half of document…motions involved and affirmed that when it comes to the action of receiving and giving gifts, “recipients have beliefs about the action the giver will take and givers have beliefs about the action the recipients expect” (p. 400). arise from the comparison between the recipient's ex ante expectations and the ex post physical outcome. Further studies relate the concept of donation behavior to the attributes of the four "S": suspense, surprise, sacrifice and sharing (Clarke, 2007). On the other hand, studies have been conducted on the experience of souvenir giving and the insights it offers into the shared consumption of tourism activities with significant others (Clarke, 2008) emotions and souvenir purchasing in particular.
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