Topic > Russia - 1187

Russia, officially known as the Russian Federation, is an Eastern European country that was once under the control of the Soviet Communist Party in the aftermath of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, until its collapse in December 1991 as the nation began the transition to democracy. However, the transition from socialist to democratic for Russia proved to be severely fatal as there was direct military involvement along with widespread public protest during the constitutional crisis of 1993. Although it was a time when former president Boris Yelstin (executive) was in difficulty a heated confrontation with the Russian Parliament (legislature previously formed by the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet) on issues relating to the control and reformulation of the government constitution, it was in reality a period in which the nation was rooted in political instability like many The political analyst would answer the question: why did the nation have problems with political instability? It all began to take root in early January 1992 when Boris Yelstin, who was faced with “One of the most urgent challenges… to save the sinking Russian ship.” economy” (Breslauer 2002: 153), he decided to take an initiative to implement his economic reform policies to alleviate the economy. As a result, it caused many industries to go bankrupt as prices soon began to skyrocket, causing a drastic contraction in spending and a further increase in taxes. Soon after Yelstin's reform began to be considered too radical and attracted the attention of Parliament for his somewhat "unconstitutional" actions because "He was an autocrat who, without regard to formal constraints... acted in unpredictable ways to achieve its objectives" (Rose and Munro 2002: 41), that is, it exercised its powers beyond constitutional norms to stabilize the economy. Furthermore, Yelstin, aware that his special power to issue decrees was about to expire in early 1993, asked Parliament to revise or amend the Constitution (since the 1978 Constitution gave him the authority to do so) which would guarantee the president more power than he already had at that time through the reinstatement of his decree. Instead, the Parliament decided to reject his request, which led to a series of clashes between both Yelstin and the Parliament as “…Yelstin has not changed his position regarding his relations with the Parliament and the power of the presidency” (Breslauer 2002: 167), to illustrate Yelstin's will and determination to exercise his powers so that the nation can truly achieve democracy.