The basic leucine zipper transcription factor C/EBPa, required for the in vivo transition of the common myeloid progenitor to the GM progenitor. Myelomonocyte cell type characteristics are determined by ectopic expression of C/EBPa in primary bone marrow cells, lymphocytes, or fibroblasts, where C/EBPa functions together with PU.1, as deposition of H3K4me1 in enhancer elements of target genes requires it. We say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original assay Pax5 is induced by the differentiation of CLPs into B cells that rely on TFs PU.1, E2A and EBF1 which activate B-cell specific genes which meanwhile repress genes associated with different lineages. B lymphopoiesis cannot be accomplished by Pax5-/- pro-B cells but can differentiate into other hematopoietic cell types in response to explicit signaling cascades. When Pax5 is removed from mature B cells, dedifferentiation to the uncommitted progenitor cell population will occur, which will then undergo T lymphopoiesis. If sequential expression of C/EBPa and GATA-2 in GM progenitors is altered, even commitment will change. Conversion of exocrine pancreas tissue into insulin-secreting endocrine ß cells in vivo can be accomplished by forced expression of three bHLH TFs, Ngn3, Pdx1, and MafA, which were identified by Melton and co-workers. When hepatic progenitor cells are introduced with the expression of only the endocrine progenitor-defining TF Ngn3, physiologically responsive pancreatic endocrine cells are generated. But, in the case of mature hepatocytes instead of hepatic progenitor cells, only insulin expression was induced in the islet cells. The TFs Atoh1 and Prox1 were found to modulate sensory hair cells and other developmental support cells, which originate from a common progenitor. Nonsensory cells of the cochlea were converted into sensory hair cells due to ectopic expression of Atoh1. But cell degeneration occurred due to the suppression of Gfi1 and Atoh1, which are important for the specification of sensory cells, by the expression of Prox1. In addition to p19Arf inactivation, ectopic expression of GATA-4, Hnf1a, and Foxa3 in fibroblasts can result in hepatocyte-like cells. In adult or embryonic murine fibroblasts can be induced as multiple hepatocytes, by ectopic expression of Hnf4a and one of the three foxA genes. Yamanaka and Melton, Wernig and collaborators demonstrated that the expression of three factors, Ascl1, Brn2 and Myt1l, in murine embryonic and postnatal fibroblasts induced transformation into neural cells (neuronal/iN induced), which are physiologically reactive and in capable of forming functional synapses. Neuronal differentiation of human ESCs can be induced by these three factors, but additional coexpression of NeuroD1 is required for reprogramming of human fetal fibroblasts into functional iN cells. Lately Marro has reprogrammed murine hepatocytes into iN cells, to show the neural conversion of a differentiated non-ectodermal cell type. iN cells maintain a limited epigenetic signature of their initial state and the hepatic transcriptome is repressed. For functional neural subtypes such as dopaminergic neurons and spinal motor neurons, reprogramming of human and mouse fibroblasts can be performed. Fibroblasts can be attracted to explicit neural lineage markers and demonstrate neuronal morphology entirely through forced expression of the microRNAs miR-9/9* and miR-124, which retain the Baf53a subunit of the fibroblast complex.,.