Before Charles Tyson Yerkes was an American financier, who created the Underground Electric Railways Company of London in 1900 as a way to control the District Railway. Yerkes wanted to be involved in the development of London's underground railway system and strove to unify it. Although he died in 1905 before all his works had been completed, his ideas were realized by his successors when brought together on a single map. The first combined map for the London Underground railways began to be published for passengers in 1906; before each line had its own separate map. The following year, the UERL, Central London, Underground, Great Northern & City and City & South London Railways agreed to create the first all-inclusive map, which would combine their companies' lines. Some of these companies were in poor financial shape and so in 1907 they banded together to create a complete system of underground railways under the name "Underground". As Jackson and Croome (1964, p. 132 cited in Merrill, 2013, p. 247) point out, a new map was designed in 1908 to “educate the public about increasing network integration. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The map showed the network almost in its entirety.” This map clearly laid the groundwork for future projects, introducing color for the first time, but it also suffered from trying to replicate the route (making it harder to read than a geometric line) and also distorted the subway line to make room for color . key (Garland, 1994, p. 8). Another company, Waterloo & City, decided not to join the Underground, although its line was featured on several maps between 1908 and 1913. The all-inclusive maps made it easier for travelers to navigate rail routes. However, these early maps were designed to be geographically accurate and although it was easier to have multiple routes on one map, there were clarity issues, which would get worse as new routes were added. Frank Pick was a transportation administrator who spent years working with trains. In 1912 he became commercial director of the London Metropolitan Electric Railway Company (UERL) and is celebrated as the principal figure responsible for its strong corporate identity. Choice was very interested in design and aimed to introduce a consistent look in advertising and lettering as he was dissatisfied with the diverse and endless variety of typefaces used in the system. In 1915 he had the logo redesigned as the heart of a successful corporate identity. In 1915, Pick had employed Johnston to design a newly simplified typeface. Sans Serif exemplified the virtues of modern design. These were clean, efficient qualities that Pick wanted to see imposed on the system as a whole. The pick was very concerned to present the metro as rational, scientific and efficient in its management. One of the ways he tried to do this was through the architecture of subway stations. He chose Charles Holden to design the new extension stations, particularly on the Piccadilly and Central lines. Holden's approach was to use a type of architecture that would be understood as rational and modern, a kind of European modernism. He realized or was instructed that the stations should be recognizable as belonging to the same species. If you saw a subway station, it should be recognizable as part of the underground system. a new clear typeface to apply to all.