The NSW rail network is approximately 9400 km of nominal standard gauge route. The rail network is operated by three government networks, Country Regional Network (CRN), NSW Interstate, Hunter Valley and Metropolitan Freight Networks and the Metropolitan Passenger Network. While private sector operators providing rail freight services must turn to these three network operators for track access. As congestion is increasing on NSW roads, rail is the best way to alleviate it. Therefore, there is a need for the NSW Government to support sustainable intermodal terminal in regional and metropolitan areas, organize separate tracks for freight services only, and improve connectivity between major freight areas and networks. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The most widely used port networks in NSW are Port Jackson, Port Botany, Port Kembla and Port Newcastle (NSW Port Network | Transport for NSW, n.d.). The majority of import and export trade occurs through the NSW port network. Port Botany is NSW's largest container port and contributes approximately $3.2 billion to NSW's gross state product. While Port Kembla is known as the largest vehicle import center in the country and the Port of Newcastle exports large quantities of coal to other countries. Port networks in NSW are operated by private sectors responsible for the commercial management of Port Kembla, Port Newcastle and Port Botany. Some ports are operated by a state-owned company called the Ports Authority of New South Wales. The Ports Authority of New South Wales is also responsible for the security of all NSW port networks, such as the management of dangerous goods, marine pollution, navigation services and emergency response. One of the challenges facing NSW port networks is the increase in trade volumes which is growing rapidly. Another challenge for port networks is the growing urban encroachment near ports and intermodal terminals. The transport networks in New South Wales (NSW) are the port network, the rail network, the road network and the air network. In NSW, the road network is the most heavily used freight network in the state, with a length of 185,000km (NSW Road Network | Transport for NSW, 2018). Around 60% of goods moved across the NSW road network. The road network is fully controlled and managed by the NSW Government. Every year approximately 81 million tons of goods are moved from one state to another via the road network. One of the key challenges facing the NSW road network is the use of High Productivity Vehicles (HPVs). HPV vehicles are large and long and require more road space during curves and intersections. NSW road networks were not designed for this type of vehicle, therefore NSW road networks need to be upgraded for all transport to operate efficiently.