Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), exist widely in all classes of life, contributing not only to immune responses, especially to bacterial infections, but also by modulating the inflammatory response by regulating cytokines, chemotaxis, apoptosis and wound healing. Human HDPs have three main components, namely human α-, β-defensins (HAD and HBD) and cathelicidin (LL-37). HDPs have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria, fungal species and viruses [1-4]. HBDs are small cationic amphipathic peptides with a beta-sheet structure and a characteristic motif of six cysteines [5]. While LL-37 has its two consecutive leucine residues at the amino-terminal end and 37 amino acids, it was named accordingly [6]. In addition to the ability to eliminate antibiotic-like bacteria, HDPs can also naturalize the endotoxin produced by negative gram bacteria, thus limiting the inflammatory reaction in the host [7]. Furthermore, unlike antibiotics, HDPs will cause less toxicity towards host cells and have a low risk of microbial resistance [8]. HDPs can be induced by various factors. Rather than pathogens, some dietary resources such as fatty acids, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, curcumin, vitamin D3, zinc, and disaccharides have HBD1 and LL37 inducing activity, thereby increasing HDPs [ 3,9-11]. These findings have enhanced the therapeutic possibility of HDP-inducing drugs and treatments. Fatty acids are made up of a chain of various amounts of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen atoms. Fatty acids can be classified into three groups based on the number of carbon atoms: short fatty acids (SCFA) ≤ C5, medium chain fatty acids (...... half of the paper ...... had a higher value induction effect on HBD1 compared to their counterpart at the same concentration (Figure 3), while on LL-37, 5-phenyl valeric acid (C5), 6-phenyl hexanoic acid (C6) and 7-phenyl heptanic acid . (C7) had a higher response than their fatty acids, the expression peak observed in 5-phenyl valeric acid (C5) (Figure 3). 37 Histone acetylation and deacetylation are two ways to modify histones on chromosomes, thus regulating genetic expressions. Butyrate has been reported as a reversible and non-competitive histone deacetylase (HDAC) [19-21], also other inhibitors. of HDAC, such as sodium valproate, sulforaphane, apcidin etc., have been examined as promoters of gene expression [22-25]. LL-37 expression induced by seven HDAC inhibitors (Figure 4).