This essay will provide examples and discuss factors that can influence bystander behavior in various situations. Models that explain the theories will be examined alongside various studies, as well as examining Latane and Darley's three social cognitive processes and explaining how these were put together to propose a complex cognitive model. The essay will explain the reward model of the excitement cost of Piliavin and Piliavin. After the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964, bystander behavior was first examined by Latane and Darley in 1970. Kitty was repeatedly stabbed by a stalker in three separate attacks. During the first two attempts, voices and the sight of lights on interrupted him, scaring him, but since no one came to help her, he went back a third time, consequently causing the woman's death. During the police investigation it emerged that 38 of his neighbors had separately witnessed the attack and yet no one had intervened or called the police. It was through the murder of Kitty Genovese and early laboratory studies that led Latane and Darley to introduce the concept of the insensitive spectator. and bystander apathy and according to Latane and Darley's decision-making model, a bystander will go through a logical series of steps before actually offering any help. Therefore a negative decision at any time will lead to non-intervention. Latane and Darley's three sociocognitive processes towards bystander behavior that were involved in passive bystander behavior and these are: Diffusion of responsibility is where there is a tendency for the individual to assume that someone else has taken control of the situation when in reality, as a result, no one actually does it. Public inhibition is what… at the heart of the article… can be seen in terms of the money received for helping the victim, for example the amount of physical danger involved or the fame and monetary rewards and as the costs of helping also increases the probability of intervention. In conclusion this essay has shown that the cost of helping or not helping differs depending on the type of help requested, which could include the personality of the bystander, the gender of either person, and also the type of help requested. spectator-victim relationship. Helping can be called altruism, but only if the motive is to benefit the victim, i.e. empathetic concern. All human beings are capable of altruistic acts and, according to universal selfishness, help is always motivated by personal discomfort. Humans are capable of biological altruism that is activated in emergency situations, especially when their friends or relatives are involved.