Postmodern animation is a very broad topic with a wide spectrum of components that constitute its definition. Postmodernism as a single unit in itself has such a wide application across various different platforms; from artistic architecture, to cultural, economic and more proliferate architecture; with numerous academic arguments aimed at defining it, the easiest way to see it is as a movement, with particular elements that construct its meaning. Furthermore, animation is also so broad and varied, with such a wide range of individualities and styles, that the term postmodernism could probably be over-seen by critics, quickly making it amorphous and losing its meaning. A postmodern animation could therefore correctly be considered as such, adhering to the various characteristics of postmodernity established by the conceptual masterpiece of the philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard and other related theorists. The most definitive of these characteristics is the questioning of grand narrative, reasoning, and the lack of deductive explanation, particularly avoiding narrative closure. Thriving on parody, appropriation, and the use of pastiche, postmodernist animations break down the boundaries between high and low cultural forms, creating a disorienting atmosphere without certainty. In this essay I will focus on the effects of postmodernity in mainstream animated works, particularly those in popular cinema and television. In a rigid and conformist environment like Hollywood, due to the need to attract a mass audience to create revenue, there is little room for the experimentation and individuality that postmodernism encourages. Although independent arthouse animations are...... half of the paper......not of social constraints on humanity. Programmed into our system from an early age, we learn that society exists outside of hierarchy and social class differences, making the influence of these too strong to avoid as elements of this will always seep into animated works, even if done unknowingly or involuntarily through the subconscious. As a result, postmodernism and its belief in breaking social forms can never be fully achieved as hegemonic rule will always have some influence on the final production, particularly in a conformist environment like Hollywood. That said, a growing number of animations, as explored in this essay, are attempting to incorporate postmodernist techniques into their production creating a refreshing perspective on media and narrative structure that could ultimately result in truly postmodern work...
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