Chemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is to explore the nature of the materials that make up our physical environment, why they possess the different properties that describe them, how their atomic structure can be probed and how they can be manipulated and modified. Although man-made organic reactions have been conducted since the discovery of fire, the science of organic chemistry developed only at the beginning of the 18th century, first especially in France, then in Germany, and finally in England. By far the greatest variety of materials that bombard us are organic elements. The beginning of the nineteenth century was also the dawn of chemistry, organic substances meant all the materials produced by living organisms: wood, bones, fabrics, foods, medicines and the complex substances that make up the human body . Inorganic material was believed to come from the Earth: salt, metals, and rock, to name a few. Because of the human wonder of natural life, organic materials were believed to possess an enigmatic “Life Force.” Thus organic chemistry was separated from inorganic chemistry and became a scientific field in its own right. By the end of the 19th century the “Life Force” theory was immensely discredited, but this branch of science still remained separate from inorganic chemistry. Back when organic chemistry was the chemistry of living matter, Professor Wohler managed to synthesize in the laboratory an organic compound previously observed in living tissues as Urea. Professor Wohler created this organic compound from a non-living chemical, ammonium cyanate. He evaporated a solution of ammonium cyanate to produce urea. Thus rendering the “Life Force” theory flawed. Other famous experiments proved that the theory of vitalism was wrong. In 1845 Kolbe synthesized acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, in a stream of reactions starting with carbon, the experiment proving better defined since acetic acid (C6H4O2) is a carbon-carbon bond. The theory of vitalism, like many other scientific theories, slowly disappeared under the weight of accumulated evidence rather than as a consequence of a brilliant and enlightening experiment. Structural theory, developed in the 1860s, began the second great period of growth in the field of organic chemistry. The de......middle of paper......reactions were already known and in active use to synthesize organic compounds into other compounds, only with this understanding of the nature of a chemical bond could one have a clear reason of nature a mechanism of chemical reactions begins to appear. This will be clear when we realize that the transformation of one molecule into another, a chemical reaction, requires the breaking of some bonds and the creation of others. This process could not be understood until one knew what a bond is. Thus, if the nineteenth century was dedicated to revealing the fixed structures of molecules, the twentieth century will be dedicated to the study of their transformations. The study of science and more specifically the study of organic chemistry is an ongoing affair. In the scientific community we never rest, there is a continuous flow of experimentation and the desire to explore new areas. The cutting edge of science has its roots in the medical field. How can we manipulate the genetic codes that constitute the building blocks of life? The things we have learned over the years are allowing us to build those bridges to the future, a future that could see an improvement in the human condition through organic chemistry.