Topic > Small Animal Diseases - 3437

Louise Pasteur, a Frenchman who was neither a doctor nor a veterinarian, stepped into the spotlight to help find a vaccine for rabies. He began his study of rabies when two rabid dogs were brought into his laboratory. One of the dogs suffered from the silent form of the disease: his lower jaw hung down, he was foaming at the mouth and his eyes had a rather vacant look. The other dog was furious: he would snap, bite any object offered to him and emit fearful howls (McCoy 65). According to the studies already observed, rabies was transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal, and that the incubation period varied from a few days to several months. Beyond this nothing specific was known. Then M. Bouley, professor of veterinary sciences, noticed a germ or organism in the saliva of a rabid dog. Pasteur confirmed Bouley's findings by collecting mucus from a child bitten by a swift dog and injecting it into rabbits. The results of this experiment resulted in all the rabbits dying within 36 hours. This experiment established two facts: an organism was present in the saliva of rabid animals and could be transmitted to another animal or a human through a bite (McCoy 66). Further research led Pasteur to the conclusion that the rabies organism had been located in other parts of the infected animal's body besides the saliva. Experiments on the skulls of rabid dogs showed that the brain contained the rabies virus. Pasture then cultured viruses from the brains of several rabid dogs. The virus was then injected into the rabbits. In each case the rabies appeared within 14 days (McCoy 67). After several experiments, Pasteur went on to perfect a rabies vaccine. He first demonstrated to doctors and veterinarians that rabies could be cultivated from the brains of living dogs. Pasteur successfully demonstrated that his rabies vaccine could now be administered safely and that animals could be vaccinated against the disease. Once the vaccine was perfected, Pasteur moved on to the task of finding a vaccine for human patients. After much research and patients, Pasteur eventually developed a human rabies vaccine. The vaccine would be administered through an inculcation system and would prevent disease in a patient recently bitten by a swift dog (McCoy 67). This system became known as the Pasteur treatment for rabies. Although there is no cure for this disease in animals or humans yet, the disease can be prevented if vaccines are given early enough.