Animal testing in the twenty-first century has brought to light many important discoveries, but it has also had harmful consequences for the lives of humans today. Some positive results of animal testing include: new medicines, surgical procedures, cosmetic products, and many important medical discoveries. Some of these discoveries have forever changed the way we, as humans, will live, but most of the experiments performed on these animals are cruel and inhumane. For example, barbaric animal testing in the medical and cosmetics industries causes unnecessary suffering and death of millions of animals every year. The harsh horror inflicted on laboratory animals can easily be avoided and replaced with more effective moral alternatives. In the early 500s BC, scientists such as Herophilus, Aristotle, and Erasistratus first used animal experimentation and began researching organs and systems of the human body. These scientists kept records of their vivisections, or the dissection of living organisms. These scripts tell the walkthrough stories of convicted criminals in Rome. After a while, scientists of that era turned to animal testing after Roman law implemented the ban on mutilation of the human body (animal testing). In the past, humans believed that animals did not think, evoke feelings, or suffer the same kind of pain as humans. Aristotle did not believe that animals endured a process of thought or intelligence and that animal justice, therefore, did not apply to them. A few hundred years later, around 150 AD, a Roman citizen named Claudius Galenus, otherwise known as Galen, began dissecting animals. in large crowds as a form of entertainment. As a profound philosopher...... middle of paper ...... capable of creating safer, more effective and humane drugs, chemicals, consumer products, foods and cosmetics. Works Cited “Animal Testing.” Animal Testing - ProCon.org. 12 March 2014. Web. 26 March 2014. Associated Press. “Animal welfare law may not protect all creatures.” USATODAY. Gannett Co. Inc., May 7, 2002. Daniel G. Hackam, MD, and Donald A. Redelmeier, MD, “Translating Research Evidence from Animals to Humans,” The Journal of the American Medical Association 296 (2006): 1731- 2.Kirchen, Rachelle. Telephone interview. March 17, 2014.Neumeister, William C. Personal Interview. March 19, 2014.Otto, Stephen K., 2012. Animal Legal Defense Fund. Network. March 27, 2014. “PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.” PETA. Network. March 24, 2014.ProQuest Staff. “Animal Rights Timeline.” Timing of major issues. 2013: np Researcher on SIRS issues. Network. March 26. 2014.